I-Myopia (ukubona eduze) isibe yinkinga enkulu emhlabeni wonke yentsha,iqhutshwa yizici ezimbili ezibalulekile: isikhathi eside esiseduze nomsebenzi (njengamahora angu-4-6 ngosuku wokwenza umsebenzi wesikole, amakilasi aku-inthanethi, noma imidlalo) kanye nesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokuphuma ngaphandle. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-World Health Organisation (WHO), intsha engaphezu kuka-80% eMpumalanga Asia ihlushwa yi-myopia—iphakeme kakhulu kunesilinganiso somhlaba wonke esingu-30%. Okwenza lokhu kube yinto ekhathazayo nakakhulu ukuthi amehlo entsha asesesigabeni esibucayi sokuthuthukiswa: amehlo ayo (ibanga elivela ku-cornea kuya ku-retina) akhula ngokushesha phakathi kweminyaka engu-12-18. Uma ingalawulwa, i-myopia ingaba yimbi ngama-degree angu-100-200 njalo ngonyaka, okwandisa ingozi yezinkinga zamehlo zesikhathi eside njenge-myopia ephezulu, ukuhlukana kwe-retinal, ngisho ne-glaucoma lapho umuntu emdala.
Amalensi endabuko anombono owodwa alungisa kuphela umbono okhona ofiphele webanga—awenzi lutho ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia. Yilapho amalensi amaningi e-defocus avelela khona njengesixazululo esishintsha umdlalo. Ngokungafani namalensi avamile, adala "i-hyperopic defocus" (isithombe esifiphele) ngemuva kwe-retina, lawa malensi akhethekile asebenzisa uhlu olunembile lwamaqoqo ama-micro-lens noma izindawo ezibonakalayo ebusweni belensi. Lo mklamo uqinisekisa umbono oqondile ophakathi wemisebenzi yansuku zonke (njengokufunda incwadi noma ukubona ibhodi lekilasi) ngenkathi edala "i-myopic defocus" (izithombe ezicacile ze-peripheral) ezindaweni zangaphandle ze-retina. Lokhu kunciphisa ukugxila kwe-peripheral kuthumela isignali yezinto eziphilayo "yokuyeka ukukhula" esweni, okuyehlisa ngempumelelo ukunwebeka kwe-eye axis—imbangela eyinhloko ye-myopia eba yimbi. Izifundo zezokwelapha kulo lonke elase-Asia naseYurophu ziye zabonisa njalo ukuthi amalensi amaningi e-defocus anciphisa ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia ngo-50-60% uma kuqhathaniswa namalensi avamile.
Ngaphandle komsebenzi wawo oyinhloko wokulawula i-myopia, la malensi aklanyelwe ngqo indlela yokuphila esebenzayo yentsha. Iningi lawo lenziwe ngezinto ze-polycarbonate ezingamelani nokushayisana, ezingamelana nokuwa ngengozi (okuvamile ngezikhwama zangemuva noma izingubo zezemidlalo) futhi zihlala isikhathi eside ngokuphindwe kayishumi kunamalensi engilazi avamile. Futhi alula—anesisindo esingaphansi ngo-30-50% kunamalensi endabuko—anciphisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo nokungakhululeki ngisho nangemva kwamahora angu-8+ okugqokwa (usuku oluphelele lwesikole kanye nemisebenzi yangemva kwesikole). Amamodeli amaningi afaka nokuvikelwa kwe-UV okwakhelwe ngaphakathi, okuvikela amehlo entsha emisebeni ye-UVA/UVB eyingozi lapho ingaphandle (isb., ukuhamba ngezinyawo ukuya esikoleni noma ukudlala ibhola).
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamalensi, kufanele ahlanganiswe nemikhuba yokubona elula kodwa ehambisanayo. Umthetho "20-20-20" kulula ukuwulandela: njalo ngemizuzu engama-20 yokubuka isikrini noma ukusebenza eduze, bheka into eqhele ngamamitha angama-20 (cishe amamitha ayi-6) imizuzwana engama-20 ukuze uphumule imisipha yamehlo esebenze kakhulu. Ochwepheshe batusa futhi amahora ama-2 esikhathi sansuku zonke sokuphuma ngaphandle—ukukhanya kwelanga kwemvelo kusiza ukulawula izimpawu zokukhula kweso futhi kwehlise i-myopia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo ngekota kubalulekile: odokotela bamehlo bangaqapha ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia futhi balungise imithi yelensi njengoba kudingeka ukuze bahambisane nempilo yamehlo yentsha eshintshashintshayo.
Amalensi e-defocus amaningi awagcini nje ngokuba ithuluzi lokulungisa umbono—awukutshala imali empilweni yamehlo yentsha yonke. Ngokubhekana nomsuka wokuqhubeka kwe-myopia nokuhambisana kahle nezimpilo zentsha, anikeza indlela ethembekile yokuvikela umbono ocacile manje nasesikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-25-2025